Hello, So you've finally got my point, Walter. There was not only one but several "Battles of Astate" in Napoleon's first Italian Campaign. I don't remember the name of that battle you quoted from General Burnod. I think a later one in the campaign, the Battle of Rivoli, was an even better example. This time Napoleon destroyed five(?) Austrian columns within several days in the same way that Reinhard destroyed 2 and a half FPA fleets within hours. It will be even more interesting if you read the 1805 campaign. I think the Emperor's grand strategy in this campaign is very close to Reinhard's in the First Goetterdaemmerung. Reinhard-Siegfried